Merry Christmas!!!

Merry Christmas To ALL!! :D And HAPPY NEW YEAR NA RIN! :D HEHE. NGAUN LANG ULIT NAKAPAGBUKAS. :D Gusto ko gift sana ay Guitar. haha! sarap pagkain.:D

Woo!!

Happy Andres Bonifacio Day!!!

yey.

may saturday class!! makakasama ko nanaman mga tropa ko. haha... anu kaya gagawin ko sa saturday? uwi namuna kaya agad? :)

....

nakakatamad!! :(

...

T_T

...

hala!!.. :(

Wew!

dami problems.. :( kakatapos lang ng ICT homeworks.. onti ng follower ko :(

Wew!

dami problems.. :( kakatapos lang ng ICT homeworks.. onti ng follower ko :(

TAGALOG JOKES Nanaman!!

Apo : lo kumain naman po kayo kahit dalawang kutsara lang man


Lolo : ah hindi ko nga kaya n kumain ng kanin kutsara pa kaya dalawa pa..


wahahah..LOL
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(Teacher at Student nag-uusap)


Student: Sir, kamusta na po ang grades ko?
...
Teacher: Kagaya ng hair mo.


Student: Maganda? Salamat po.


Teacher: Hindi, Bagsak na bagsak..

wahahah..XD!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


wala


kabang PERA???


madali


lng yan !!!


just txt


PENGE <space> amount


at i-send xa


number ng NANAY mo !!!


hehehehe :))))))
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kung may MAHAL KA ..
.
care ko ?! 


Buti sana kung AKO yun, matutuwa pa ko xD


hahaha! weh? XD

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CHEESY QUOTES

BF: Alam mo ba yung iba't ibang view?
GF: Yup! Frontview, sideview, rearview, topview..
hmmm meron pa ba?
BF: Meron pa!
LAVIEW :"> ♥♥
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ya Ye Yi Yo Yu
Ya -- sosyal na yes
Ye -- lasing na yes
Yi -- bisayang Yes
Yo -- hiphop na yes
Yu -- taong mahal ko :"> ♥♥♥
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ang KAIBIGAN ay isang makahulugang salita dahil…
Paano ang -IBIGAN? Kung wala KA-? ♥♥
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Sana "i love you" na lang pangalan ko,
para sa tuwing tinatawag mo ako kinikilig ako :D
ayee!
-sweetcorn ♥
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TAGALOG JOKES ULIT!!

(Magkatext silang dalawa)
B: Gusto mo labas tayong dalawa sa sunday?
G: (Nahihiya) sige ikaw bahala
(Nagpunta sila sa park)
B: matagal ko nang gustong sbihin to ehh.
G: (Kinikilig )
B: anong pangalan mo? xD
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ISANG PROBINSYANO NAG RENT NG ROOM SA HOTEL
probinsyano : alam ko probinsyano lng ako kaya wag mo akong lokohin!
bakit ganito room ko ?
MALIIT!! walang kama at bintana!!
mahal na mahal binayad ko tapos ganito lng ?
ROOMBOY: sir, nasa elevator pa lng po tayo..
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Isang araw may nangingisda sa parke ang isang
probinsyanong si Juan... Nakita sxa ng guard..
Guard: hoi!!! Bawal mamingwit dyan...
Hindi mo ba nakikitaat nababsa? ''NO FISHING ALLOWED''
Juan: grabe ka naman... Nililiguan ko lang naman ang uod ko eh.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ANAK: Itays! kains nas pos taus!!!
TATAY: Tigilan m nga kalalagay ng S sa mga cnsbi mo!!!
anu b ulam?
ANAK: Inigang na Bangu n my Kamati at Ibuya.....
mmm.....
Arap ng Abaw!!!
hehehehehe
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lolo:apo mag tago ka nandyan ang teacher mo dba sab mo aabsent ka
apo: HALA!! ikaw den lolo ..
lolo: bakit naman apo ..??
apo: kac sabi ko "PATAY " ka na ee kaya ko aabsent ..

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Ang pitong katotohanan sa mundo.
1. Mata mo lng ang hindi mo kayang sabunan.
2. Hindi mo kayang bilangin ang buhok mo.
3. Bakit mahirap huminga habang nakalabas ang dila.
4. Sinubukan ng mga uto-uto ang number 3.
5. Naisip mong nagmukha ka lang aso noong sinubukan mo.
6. Mapapangiti ka kasi nauto kita.
7. Ipapasa mo sa iba para lang makabawi ka.
"LOVERBOY"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TAGALOG JOKES

Girl: Alam mo, para kang Toilet pag na Eebs na ako
Boy: Sama mo naman!
Girl: Kasi it is what I am feeling... I am falling for you...
Boy: Pero para din akong laging naiihi pag kasama kita.
Girl: ha?
Boy: Kinikilig pagkatapos...
piskut.. estoryahe..
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
commercial MOna
Boy: Mahal na mahal kita. Lahat ng kaya ko ibibigay ko.
Handa ako mamatay para sa'yo.
Girl : SAMPLE ! SAMPLE ! SAMPLE ! Showtime
haha tagam pakamatay na ! ahaha
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sabi ng baklang naka miniskirt:
“Di baleng makita ang legs,
huwag lng ang eggs!” :)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
buLag at duLing magsusuntukan!
buLag: hay0p ka
duLing! Lumabas ka dyan,wag kang mgtago sa diLim!
duLing: in ur
dreams! bkt aq lalaBas eh daLawa kau!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Boy: Miss, para kang energy drink
Girl: Sus, luma na yan. Kasi lumalakas ka pag kasama ako no?
Boy: Hinde miss.
Girl: Eh ano?
Boy: Mukha ka kasing COBRA
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Password kaba?
kasi ang hirap mong kalimutan!!
Pero
PWEDE KITANG PALITAN!
estoryahe
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TAGALOG JOKES

Bus pinasok ng mga masasamang people...
Pepz: rape 2 mag hubad lahat....!....
GRO: Wag cla aku nlang..'
lola sumingit..
Lola :.hoooh..! Epal., lahat nga daw eh....
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Kpag pinipilit ka ng teacher mo na umamin sa kasalanan mo,
e2 dpt mong sabihin,
"No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself."
-PHILIPPINE C0NSTITUTI0N-
Article III,
Secti0n 17. Right Against Self- Incriminati0n
Safe k n, n0sebleed pa cla,
Hahahah. .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"no0ng una palang kitang nkita CRUSH na aq syo"
"hindi CRUSH ng eroplano kundi CRUSH ng puso"
"Hindi puso ng saging kundi puso ng tao"
"kung kaligayahan mo kaligayahan ko rin"
"kung kalungkutan mo kalungkutan ko rin"
"kung mamatay qa ikaw lang mag-isa hindi"
"ako sasama sa iyo ikaw lang mag-isa"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si Pedro nakabasag ng vase sa museum.
Attendant: hala, more than 500 years na iyang vase.
Pedro: hay salamat, kinabahan naman ako, akala ko bago.
ngekkkkk
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Translated in Tagalog..
2 am
manong: ihhatid kta sa klesa don sa ika 7 bndok, pro my 1
condsyn. sa bwat utot ng kbayo mg s*x tau!
madre: ah gnon ba? mhrap ata yn. pro
cge nalng wla namn akong maggwa
1st bndok ang kabyo ay umutot
manong: o. nrinig mo yun
madre: oo nrinig ko. d ako bngi
3rd bndok
manong: o narnig mo ulit yun
madre: uu namn xempre. d nga ako bngi
sa 7 bndok
madre: hoy mnong! wg kang p2log2x dyan. Umutot d mo narnig
manong: naku po! (pgod na ako. wla na akng mailalbas. suko na)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ESTORYAHE QUOTES

ang gasolina, bigas, pamasahe, tuition fee,
isda, karne, gulay .. lahat nagmamahalan !!!!
TAYO NA LANG ANG HINDI .. 
estoryahe..
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOY: Pila na ka KARAT miss?!
GIRL: ang unsa mn?!
BOY: imo ngipon. mahalon na noh?!...
GIRL: pag churr dha oe...
BOY: yellow mn gd kaayo murag GOLD!.
...Hahahahaha! ngisi pa oi
estoryahe...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
guy: miss, kinahanglan naa kay salbabida
girl: ha? ngano diay?
guy: basin malumos ka sa akong gugma....
Estoryahe..
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"boy sige ug sunod2x sa girl......"
Girl: hoooy na unsa man sige man jud kag sunod 
sunod naku? nganu man ka?
Boy: aahy... ni sunod raman kos akong mama... 
ana man siya... "follow your dream". 
eeeestooooryaaaaaheeee....
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Girl at Guy nag istorya:
Girl: mura jud kag kandila.
Guy: maganahan man sad ta ana oie. nganu man kai nag 
dala kog kahayagon sa imong kinabuhi?
Girl: dili. kai gwapo man gud ka tan.awun sa ngit-ngit!
Estoryahe..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2nd day! SA WAKAS TAPOS NA EXAM!

weee.!! second day medyo mahirap lagot ako.. tapos ng isang exam review sa next exam.. hayyyy..... mga 10:00 A.m. Gala gala na kami Una sa Mcdo kasama si Junel At Wilhelm. Tas punta kami sa Idojo Laro kami at nakita namin sila Arvin, Rl, Renz,  Maui, Nico...
Si renz kala ko puro aral lang un pala marunong rin maglaro ng computer.. hehe...
Nakita pa namin ung dati naming ka school mate na si Tropa Aleo.. Haha. galing galing sumayaw.. Pagkatapos Punta ulit mcdo kain fries at inom ng coke float. Pinuntahan namin sila jath, audrielle, shane, kiana, geri, josil, Alyssa, Junelyn, at ung iba pa nilang kasama hehe.. mga 1:40 na ng hapon un. saya saya!!.. race kami ni maui eh, pagod agad ako taba ko kasi eh.. sana sasusunod meron ulit!!

1st Day

1st day ng EXAM!! MEdyo Madali Mahirap sa ICT.. LOL.. hehe..
Sana naman Mataas score namin!!.. Mag rereview nanaman para bukas!
Tapos Tapos na EXAM!!!... GALA GALA nanaman.. saya Kaso baka Mahirap mga Exams Bukas lalo na sa Socs stud nahihirapan ako.. :)

GOOD LUCK NALANG BUKAS!! ;)

Periodical!

2 DAYS NALANG PERIODICAL NA!!!! REVIEW NANAMAN!! DADAMI NIREREVIEW NAKAKALIMUTAN LANG ANTOK PA AKO.. NU ba un!!!! sana may masagot ako hehe...

...

PC CARE AND SAFETY PROCEDURES FOR USERS

How to take care of your PC.
1.Computer need a good working temperature to work properly. They need to be placed in a cool and dry place. You can maintain good temperature with an electric fan or air conditioning.

2. All the cables and connectors must be tied together to keep them away from walkways to avoid accident.

3. Refrain from eating in front of a computer. Food bits attract insects like ants and cockroaches that can penetrate the hardware and cause computer malfunction. Spilled drinks, on the other hand, might cause short circuits.

4. Always use an AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulators) to regulate the electricity. Too much electric voltage might cause the unit to short. Also, turn off computers during lightning as these can cause electrical surges to the computer.

5. Do not bump or drop the computer peripherals or components as any damage may cause them to malfunction.

6. Avoid clutter around your computer. Use soft cloth in cleaning your computer to avoid scratches.

7. Always scan for computer viruses. Internet connection and external storage devices often carry viruses that could damage files and cause software malfunctions.

USER’S HEALTH RISKS AND PREVENTION

                PC’s are said to be “user-friendly” but this doesn’t mean using them does not have health risks. There isn’t a conclusive evidence that computers emit enough radiation to harm us. Rather, the damage to health may include eyestrain, wrist injury, and pains in the head, shoulder, back, and neck due to prolonged use of computers.

Good Working Habits

ü  Tap on the keys and mouse buttons gently

ü  Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing. You may take a short stretch breaks every 20 minutes.

ü  Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods. Take vision breaks and do eye exercises.

Proper Workstation Design

ü  Position in a well- ventilated, comfortable room.

ü  Use an adjustable workstation and an ergonomic computer chair.

ü  Place the monitor 16 to 24 inches away, at eye level or slightly at a lower angle. Tilt the monitor or adjust the light source. Adjust the brightness and contrast settings.

ü  Use extendable/retractable legs of the keyboards.

ü  Place mouse where it is easily accessible by your dominant hand.

ü  Use a document holder to minimize vertical head movements.

Proper Posture

ü  Sit up straight and put the feet flat on the floor. Use a footrest if needed.

ü  Position your lower arms parallel with the floor and level to your keyboard, with elbows at your side.

VIRUS

V - Very
I - Important
R - Resource
U - Under 
S - Siege

and

V - Vital
I - Information
R - Resources
U - Under 
S - Siege

---

Friday na bukas!!!!!!!! tapos saturday nanaman!! Tas monday!!... :)) nu kaya gagawin ko???

Chapter 3 Lesson 1 & 2

History of Computers

From Counting Machine to Computer

          The earliest civilizations already had concepts of number and counting. Representations vary from one civilization to another, thus, there is the Babylonian system, the Mayan system, the Egyptian system, the Hindu-Arabic system, the Roman system, and others. By 800 AD, the Hindu-Arabic and Roman, were used in trade and simple calculations. But due to lack of convenient writing tolls like pen and paper, these systems were not used in computations. Instead, the Romans used abacus. It is still used by the traditional Chinese and Japanese.

          Those who were using the Hindu-Arabic System later found a way of manual calculation which is called algorithm. From 1100 AD to 1500 AD, there was debate between supporters of the Roman Number system using the abacus and the Hindu-Arabic Number system using algorithm on which system was more efficient. The Hindu-Arabic System won, and in 18^th century Europe, no trace of the abacus was to be seen.

          More innovations on calculation were done after the 18^th century forward. By the 1970’s and 1980’s, the technology had been able to produce a hand-held and inexpensive calculator that was able to perform high arithmetic operations.

Manual Computing Device

ABACUS (Around 500 B.C.) – Considered as the earliest device for calculation, the abacus is used by the Europeans, Chinese and Japanese for simple addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It is made up of a wooden frame divided into two parts by a beam. On its upper part is a deck of two rows of beads. A series of vertical rods allow the beads to slide.

Napier’s Bone (1617) – Named after it’s inventor, Scottish Mathematician John Napier, this tool is made up of multiplication tables inscribed in a wood or bone.

Slide Rule (1620) – Invented by William Oughtred, this is a single straight two-foot long ruler plotted with a logarithmic scale. Multiplication and division are done by using a pair of dividers.

Manual Mechanical Calculators

Pascaline or Pascal’s Adding Machine (1642) – This machine was the first operational calculating machine that could add large numbers. It was invented by Blaise Pascal, a French Mathematician.

Step Reckoner (1670) – Gottfried von Leibnitz, a German baron, improved the pascaline into a device that could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and get square roots.

Difference Engine (1822) – Charles Babbage was a British Mathematician and inventor who built a engine that automatically calculated mathematical tables, such as logarithmic and trigonometric tables. He called this machine a “Computer.”

Analytical Engine (1830) – This was also invented by Charles Babbage. Compared to the difference engine, the analytical engine was not only able to perform calculations but also to store data in the memory and perform logical comparison. 

Electromechanical Computer

Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine (1890) – Invented by the American inventor Herman Hollerith, this machine was capable of representing, reading and assembling data.

Electronic Computers

MARK 1 – Invented by Dr. Howard Aiken. It is the first operating machine that could perform long computations automatically. It could execute addition and subtraction in a second, multiplication in six seconds, division in 15.3 seconds and logarithm and trigonometric functions in over one minute.

ENIAC or Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (1946) – Developed by John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert, it was the first general purpose electronic computer which was made up of vacuum tubes. It was used to process one problem at a time.

UNIVAC 1 or Universal Automatic Computer (1951) – It is the first commercially available computer that could perform about 1,905 operations per second running on a 2.25 Megahertz clock. The complete system occupied more than 35.5 meters squared of the floor space.

  

Generations Of Computers

          First-generation Computers – These computers were bulky, took up large space, and needed to be kept in cool environment. They use wired circuits that had thousands of vacuum tubes, each of which was about the size of a light bulb.

          Second-generation Computers – Unlike the first-generation computers, which is used vacuum tubes, these computers used transistors which were smaller, more efficient, and less energy consuming.

          Third-generation Computers – Called minicomputers, these computers were compact, reliable, and less expensive. Instead of transistors, they use integrated circuits (IC’s) or chips which are much smaller compared to transistors.

         Fourth-generation Computers – These computers are much smaller, faster, and more powerful than the earlier models. The use of microprocessors make them more multi-functional. Consist of million of transistors, they can do millions of calculations per second.

Categorizing Computers

Types of Computers

        Toward the end of the 20^th century, modern computers became more and more adapted for use in particular areas like economics, government, science, and many mire. The computer is an ideal machine to adapt to specific needs because it is designed to do the following:

1.        Respond to a specific set of instructions.

2.     Execute a pre-recoded set of instructions.

3.     Quickly store and retrieve large amount of data.

Computers may be classified according to their features and uses. Different groups of people chose computers depending on their needs. For example, people in the laboratory need a computer with more specialized applications while a typical college student only needs the regular or personal computer. Given below are different types of computer:

Supercomputer – This computer considered the fastest computer and is used in science related areas because of its unique applications. It is often used in weather forecasting, nuclear research, engineering, and other specialized fields.

Mainframe Computer – This is very expensive and large computer can support up to thousands of users at the same time. It can process millions of instructions per second and have instant access to billions of data. The main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that the former only performs a few programs as fast as possible while the latter does different tasks at one time. Mainframe is generally used in institutions like hospitals, airlines, and banks.

Minicomputer – This is a medium power computer that stands between a standard personal computer and a mainframe. It can support a maximum of 200 users simultaneously. This type is mostly preferred by colleges, small businesses and similar establishments.

Workstation – This type is commonly used for desktop publication, engineering applications and other areas that need a moderate amount of computing power and a high graphic quality. It therefore has a high-resolution display.

Personal Computer – As the name suggest, a personal computer is designed for personal use. It generally cost less and is smaller in size compared to the other computers mentioned. Today the PC is the most popular computer.

TYPES OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS

        Generally, personal computers are classified according to size and case. A case is the metal frame that houses and supports the different internal parts of the computer. There are three basic types of personal computers according to case.

Tower Model – This model refers to a computer whose power supply, motherboard, and mass storage devices are stacked on top of each other. This feature makes it easier to install additional storage devices.

Desktop Model – This is a computer which designed to fit comfortably on the top of a desk. Because this model is broad and low, it is generally limited to three internal mass storage.

Portable Computers -  This includes computers that are small enough to be carried.

TYPES OF PORTABLE COMPUTER

Notebook Computer – This is a lightweight personal computer that is small enough to fit easily in a briefcase. When compared to other personal computers, its screen is more lightweight and non-bulky. It can also be run by a rechargeable battery.

Subnotebook Computer – Compared to the notebook computer, it is has smaller keyboard and screen and is slightly lighter and smaller. However, it is almost equivalent to notebook computers.

Laptop Computer -  This one of the most popular types of portable computers due to it’s features that are equal or close to those of desktop computers.

HAND-HELD COMPUTERS – These are computers that are small enough to be held in one’s hand. However, they are not designed to replace laptop and notebook computers because they have small keyboards and screens. Hand-held computers include the following:

Palmtop – It can literary fit into your palm. It uses a pen or stylus in place of keyboard. It is practical for certain function like storing important information and reminders and checking dates.

Personal Digital Assistant [PDA] – This is a handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. This can also function as a cellular phone, fax sender, and personal organizer.

        

3 Local Entrepreneur

1. Orlando Vea (Mobile Communications/New Media - SMART founder, MediaQuest)

         Orlando B. Vea co-founded Smart Communications, Inc. in 1991 and has been its Chief Wireless Adviser since January 1, 2008. Mr. Vea serves as Treasurer of Friendly Care Foundation Inc. He is also the President and/or Chief Executive Officer, Digital Paradise, Inc., Netgames, Inc. and Kalayaan College, Inc. He previously served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Smart Communications Inc. from February 1991 to December 1999. Mr. Vea was an head of the PLDT Group's media and content businesses as President and Chief Executive Officer of MediaQuest Holdings, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the PLDT Beneficial Trust Fund, responsible for the Group's thrust into Mobile TV, Direct to Home TV and its initiatives toward other major mass media and new media platforms. He served as President and Chairman of One Vision Inc. Mr. Vea has been the Chairman of the Board of Nextstage Inc., since September 2000. He serves as Chairman of NewNet Holdings Inc., 25by8 Inc., Wireless Works Inc., Netopia Computer Technologies Inc., Digital Paradise Inc. Bidshot Dotcom Inc., Customer Relationship Management Specialists Inc., K2 Interactive Inc. and K2 Interactive Holdings Ltd. Mr. Vea serves as Chairman of the Board of Infinit-e Asia Inc. and Mondex Philippines Inc., subsidiaries of Nextstage Inc. He served as Chairman of the Board of MediaQuest Holdings Inc. and Smart- NTT Multimedia Inc. He serves as a Director of Nextstage Inc., Mondex Phils. Inc., Infinit-e Asia Inc. and Pinoymail Corp. He has been a Director of Pilipino Telephone Corp. since June 2008. Mr. Vea also serves as Director of Phil. Long Distance Telephone Co., Satventures, Inc., Mediascape, Inc., Metro Pacific Corp., Mabuhay Phils. Satellite Corp., InterCommerce Network Services Inc., Bonifacio Communications Corp. He serves as Member of the Board of Trustees of Friendly Care Foundation Inc. He serves as a Director at Smart Communications, Inc. He also serves as member of advisory board at Philippine Long Distance Telephone Co. Mr. Vea served as an Independent Director of Ipeople Inc. from 2000 to July 24, 2006. He graduated from the University of the Philippines in 1970 with a degree in A.B. Economics, cum laude.

2. Diosdado Banatao (Computer Chips - Mostron and S3)

        Diosdado Banatao (born May 23, 1946, Iguig, Cagayan, Philippines), popularly known by his nickname Dado, is a well-known Filipino serial entrepreneur and engineer working in high-tech industry. A three-time start-up veteran, he co-founded Mostron (PC Motherboards), Chips and Technologies (PC Chip Sets, eventually acquired by Intel), and S3 Graphics (originally 2D graphics chips, renamed to SonicBLUE). It is Silicon Valley folklore that he chose the company name S3 to mean "Start-up number 3".

    

Work

He worked on the following technologies as have several hundred other engineers and does not claim having invented or innovated any of these technologies.

1. First single-chip, 16-bit microprocessor-based calculator (while at Commodore in 1976. Note: The first single-chip 16-bit microprocessor was the 1976 TMS 9900 by Texas Instruments. Texas Instruments also came up with the first pocket calculator in 1972. (Was Commodore the first to come up with the single-chip 16-bit calculator?)
2. First 10-Mbit Ethernet CMOS with silicon coupler data-link control and transreceiver chip; got 3Com into the Ethernet PC add-in card business (while at Seeq in early 1980s)
3. First system logic chip set for the PC-XT and the PC-AT (while at Mostron in 1984 and Chips and Technologies in 1985)
4. First enhanced graphics adapter chip set (while at Chips and Technologies in 1985)
5. Pioneered local bus concept for PC (while at S3 in 1989)
6. First Windows Graphics accelerator chip (while at S3 in 1990)

3. Manny Pangilinan (Telecommunications - First Pacific, PLDT)

First part of the journey: A Student      

The first part of my journey begins with my family. My lolo (grandfather) started as a public school teacher in Pampanga and Tarlac, rising through the ranks to become superintendent of public schools and, eventually, secretary of education. My dad began his career as a messenger at Philippine National Bank, and retired as president of Traders Royal Bank, one of the larger banks in the ’80s. During my elementary years, I had ten centavos to buy a bottle of Coke, five centavos for crackers, another ten centavos to take the bus home from San Beda in Mendiola, which I made sure I wouldn’t lose, otherwise I would have walked home. In college, my weekly allowance at the Ateneo was P10, and that included my jeepney fares. I have a lot of classmates who have cars and others even have their own drivers. They were lucky. Someday, I said to myself, I will reach all those. My scholarships in both San Beda and Ateneo were only my lucky charms.

In late 1965, as my own graduation was approaching, I had come home from the Ateneo one Saturday afternoon, and spoke with my dad about taking an MBA in the States. I was met with silence, which meant there wasn’t enough money for an education abroad, that if I really wanted it, I had find a way myself. Fortunately, Procter & Gamble was offering a rare scholarship to the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School. It was a national competition. I entered-and won. For three generations of my family, life meant coping with challenges despite modest means, relying on God-given talent, hard work and a passionate determination to succeed.

Second part of the journey: A professional manager

Let me now turn to the second part of this journey. After two years in Philadelphia, I returned home, hopeful about landing a managerial position in a large company. I struck out at first bat. My benefactor, Procter & Gamble, turned down my application. So I ended up taking the first job I was offered, as executive assistant to the president at Phinma for P1,000 a month. Without any job experience, we can’t be choosers, right? Grab the first decent job that comes your way, immerse yourself in work, and soon, you’ll find the right job, or it will find you.

After six years with Phinma, I decided to work abroad. There were the usual reasons: the glamor of being an expat in Hong Kong, the stifling staleness of my local career but, more importantly, I needed to find myself, to prove that I can stand on my own and succeed. The warmth of family ties, the comfort of an extended family system so embedded in our society were indeed beguiling, but I wanted to assert my independence.

I was recruited by Bancom International, a Philippine investment bank based in Hong Kong. It was a stimulating experience. I learned the dynamics of international finance from my Chinese colleagues, not from the Filipino executives. Thereafter, I was seconded to a joint venture investment bank with American Express. I had expected to be appointed CEO of that new bank, but wasn’t. While disappointed and even depressed, I soldiered on and, sure enough, this venture failed inside of two years. A huge dilemma confronted a young man of 30 years: return to Manila or stay with AMEX? I decided to remain a soldier of fortune in Hong Kong. Why? Because after this setback, I wanted to prove something to myself. I felt I had to prove to AMEX the Filipino can. Indeed, after four years with AMEX, I received a phone call from my boss in London. He said, “You’ve outgrown Hong Kong and are now ready for London, and to fast track your career.” After reflection, I politely said, no. I’ve proven the point to myself and to AMEX, and that had been enough. Besides, I felt Asia is my home — and so it shall be.

Third part: An entrepreneur and corporate activist

The third, and final part, starts with First Pacific. Whilst working in the region, I met some clients - foremost being Anthoni Salim - who were willing to support my idea of a regional banking and trading business. With their help, I founded First Pacific in Hong Kong in 1981. I started out with only six people, on 50 square meters of office space, and little capital. Now, the companies that constitute First Pacific have sales of $5 billion, with more than 60,000 employees across the region. But I won’t tell you about our successes at First Pacific. Instead, I’ll describe our failures - some of which indeed became total failures, but some of which we turned around and made a success.

In 1989, we were negotiating to acquire Hanimax, maker of middle to low-end cameras based in Sydney, Australia. I took the overnight flight to Sydney from Hong Kong, confident that when I arrived the following morning, a letter from an international bank approving our financing would await me. But lo and behold, it was a letter of disapproval. So there I was in Sydney, committed to purchase Hanimax, but without enough money to complete it. Providentially, there was a competing bidder who sought to take us out of the race by offering a sum of money. That practice is called “greenmail.” Our gambit won $7 million that day when we had no cards to play. But there’s a sequel to this. Buoyed by confidence - perhaps overconfidence, even hubris - we were off to the races again, and decided quickly to buy another company. This was Tech Pacific, Australia’s largest distributor of computer products. It was indeed a large company with sales in excess of a billion dollars! Well, it was a disaster. It took us three years, and enormous pain and effort, to turn its fortunes around. I fell sick from stress and anxiety and, on several occasions, contemplated resigning. But we stood to our tackle and, after those three years, Tech Pacific is now Asia’s largest distributor of computer products.

In 1998, I came home, after 22 years abroad - after what father (Roque) Ferriols often calls “the days of wasted youth.” When we invested in PLDT seven years ago, we faced the massive task of repair and renewal. Critics told us that we couldn’t change the culture of monopoly, that misdemeanors in PLDT couldn’t be eradicated, that our fixed line business had no future. But we made the tough and unpopular decisions at PLDT. Like reducing the number of employees from 14,000 to 9,000. Like changing dubious practices and encouraging honesty and transparency. Like converting the mindset of bureaucrats to that of innovators and entrepreneurs. Decisions about people are always difficult for us because First Pacific is an Asian company with Asian values. But head count reduction was critical for PLDT to survive.

Now that PLDT has recovered, and is now the most profitable company in the country, my confidence in the Filipino’s ability to succeed has been absolutely affirmed. In fact, despite the downsizing I mentioned earlier, we now have more people under our wings - about 19,000 - simply because PLDT is now a different company. And to most of you who might be familiar with Piltel or Talk N’ Text - it was a company in extremis. I’ve had to tell creditor banks that Piltel could not pay its debts - the first time I’ve done that in my life. My officemates told me to close Piltel. I didn’t agree. I believed that the cellular frequency it owns, as well as its brand, are potentially valuable, as they have become today. Also, I did not want to imperil the financial health of local banks to which Piltel owed much.

After five years of rehab, Piltel’s return to profitability has been close to supernatural. It is now the country’s most profitable company - after PLDT and Smart. Finally, some of you have raised with me the question - is business bad? Let me respond by saying, business is not all bad. It is people - some people at least - that may make business bad. No business can prosper in the long term without the right values. The best performing companies are those that manage their businesses which meet ethical standards. Transparency, accountability, integrity, discipline - all these good governance principles - must permeate every policy, every process, of the company, as they do at First Pacific and PLDT.

Closing:

Thefore I close, I’d like to make a personal request. I’d like to ask each of you a favor. Give me bragging rights. Do something great. Sometime in the future, I want to hear some incredible thing you’ve done. And I’d like to brag that I spoke at your graduation. In return, I offer you a few more pieces of advice. Keep it real. Stay true to what’s best in yourself, to the best of your experience here at the Ateneo. Trust your instincts. Believe in yourself. Engage in sports, you’ll need it as you age. Make art, or at least, value it. Be brave. Be bold. Find something that moves you or pisses you off, but do something about it. You have a voice, speak up.
Take a stand for what’s right. Make a change. You may not always be popular, but you’ll be part of something larger and greater than yourself. Besides, making history is cool, isn’t it? But I also want to offer a warning: you will meet people who’ll entice you to compromise your principles. They’ll try to seduce you and distract you with money, power, security and perhaps, most dangerously, a sense of belonging. Don’t let them; it’s not worth it.
You can have genuine values and still get that job. You can have a conscience and still make money.

Let me send you off with one final thought. I was born poor, but poor was not born in me. And it shouldn’t be born in you either. You can make it. Whatever you may wish to do with your future, you can make it. It gets dark sometimes, but morning comes always. Suffering breeds character. Character breeds faith. In the end, faith will not disappoint. You must not disappoint.

PEC's assignment

1.) 

Characteristics/qualities of a successful entrepreneur

Qualities or Personal Entrepreneurial Characteristics (PEC) of successful entrepreneurs refer to the desired traits, which enable an entrepreneur to do what is expected of him/her and succeed in business. It is the combination of these characteristics that is required to enable any one to perform effectively as an entrepreneur. It is possible for people to develop these characteristics and succeed in their careers as entrepreneurs. Successful entrepreneurs have common characteristics, which are divided into three clusters namely achievement, planning and power.

1. Achievement Cluster

Opportunity seeking

This refers to the quality that enables the entrepreneur to see and act upon new business opportunities even in situations where other people see nothing but problems/hopelessness only. It also encourages him/her to seize unusual opportunities for obtaining the necessary resources such as financing, equipment, land, workspace, technical assistance, etc, which will enable him/her to implement his/her business ideas.

Commitment to the work contract

This is the ability to accept final responsibility for completing a job for the customers. Customers expect entrepreneurs to perform and honour their commitments. It follows therefore that the entrepreneur should do everything possible to ensure that he/she fulfils the commitment with his/her customers. It means joining the workers to work with them to ensure that contractual commitments are fulfilled, the entrepreneur will do it.

Persistence

This is the quality, which enables the entrepreneurs to develop determination to have a thorough job done at any cost in terms of personal sacrifice. By doing this, the entrepreneur remains working towards the achievement of his/her set goals.

Risk taking

Entrepreneurs are people who prefer taking moderate risks. Before they commit themselves and their resources, they assess the risks that are associated with a business opportunity that they have selected, and their ability to manage them, the benefits that they will realise and the challenges that they will face from the venture to be undertaken.

Entrepreneurs can earn profits as a result of taking risks and the higher the risks, the higher the profits. However, entrepreneurs will always prefer to take on those risks that they can manage.

Demand for efficiency and quality

This is the quality that enables an entrepreneur to do things that meet or surpass existing standards of excellence or improve on performance by striving to do things faster, better and cheaply. By doing this, the entrepreneur remains ahead of others, makes more profits and retains a growing market share.

2. Planning Cluster

The planning cluster is made up of the following characteristics:

Goal setting

This refers to the ability of an entrepreneur to set clear and specific goals and objectives. These goals and objectives are normally high and challenging but at the same time, realistic and can be attained, given the resources that one has got at his/her disposal.

Information seeking

This is having the urge to look for the required information in order to make an informed decision, for example, selecting, starting and successfully managing the desired business. This calls for the concerned person to personally seek and obtain information regarding customers, suppliers, competitors as well as any other relevant information that is required to enable the entrepreneur make decisions and improve knowledge on his/her business.

Systematic planning and monitoring

This is the ability to develop plans that will be used in monitoring and evaluating the progress of the business. This helps the entrepreneur to carefully monitor his/her business’ actual performance against desired performance and turn to other alternatives whenever the need arises; so as to achieve his/her set goals.

3. Power Cluster

Persuasion and networking

This is the ability to link, convince and influence other individuals, agencies and other groups in order to maintain business contacts at a high level. This will help or work for the cause of the business in a positive manner to accomplish own objectives.

Self-confidence

This refers to having a strong belief or confidence in oneself and the ability to complete a difficult task or meet a challenge.

2.)
‘Awareness,’ they say, is the first step towards ‘improvement’ and ‘success.’
Now that you are aware of the critical competencies for entrepreneurial
success and also have a measure of your scores on these, it is appropriate that
you also think in terms of how to improve your scores. Suppose, you find
yourself lacking in the competency- ‘opportunity spotting,’ you may start
practicing to think like an entrepreneur (See Below entitled ‘Thinking like an
Entrepreneur’). With just a little change in perspective, the world changes for
you. Similarly you may work on the other competencies as well.
4

Thinking Like an Entrepreneur

        On a trip down south, at Nagpur you marvel at the size of the oranges and the

price at which they are available. You buy in dozens and consume these

merrily en route. This is consumer’s mindset.

On the contrary, an entrepreneurially thinking individual, he may buy and

enjoy the oranges as well, would also start thinking what if I arrange for their

transportation and sale at my place… if volume-weight factor and perishability

is the constraint how about packaged orange juice… where would the

technology come from, Italy? Would Indians like to consume packaged juices

when by the roadside they can get fresh juice? … Exports? Which are the

countries that could serve as the potential market? What would be their quality

expectations? …

Assignment No.3

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies (PEC's) 

The original research by McClelland and McBer identified 14 PECs; the EMPRETEC [a UN program for small businesses; from the Spanish words emprendedores (entrepreneurs) and tecnología (technology)] clustered these into just 10:

Achievement Cluster
I. Opportunity Seeking and Initiative
* Does things before asked or forced to by events
* Acts to extend the business into new areas, products or services
* Seizes unusual opportunities to start a new business, obtain financing, equipment, land work space or assistance

II. Risk Taking
* Deliberately calculates risks and evaluates alternatives
* Takes action to reduce risks or control outcomes
* Places self in situations involving a challenge or moderate risk

III. Demand for Efficiency and Quality
* Finds ways to do things better, faster, or cheaper
* Acts to do things that meet or exceed standards of excellence
* Develops or uses procedures to ensure work is completed on time or that work meets agreed upon standards of quality

IV. Persistence
* Takes action in the face of a significant obstacle
* Takes repeated actions or switches to an alternative strategy to meet a challenge or overcome an obstacle
* Takes personal responsibility for the performance necessary to achieve goals and objectives

V. Commitment to the Work Contract
* Makes a personal sacrifice or expends extraordinary effort to complete a job
* Pitches in with workers or in their place to get a job done
* Strives to keep customers satisfied and places long term good will over short term gain

Planning Cluster
VI. Information Seeking
* Personally seeks information from clients, suppliers or competitors
* Does personal research on how to provide a product or service
* Consults experts for business or technical advice

VII. Goal setting
* Sets goals and objectives that are personally meaningful and challenging
* Articulates clear and specific long range goals
* Sets measurable short term objectives

VIII. Systematic Planning and Monitoring
* Plans by breaking large tasks down into time-constrained sub-tasks
* Revises plans in light of feedback on performance or changing circumstances
* Keeps financial records and uses them to make business decisions

Power Cluster
IX. Persuasion and Networking
* Uses deliberate strategies to influence or persuade others
* Uses key people as agents to accomplish own objectives
* Acts to develop and maintain business contracts

X. Independence and self-confidence
* Seeks autonomy from the rules or control of others
* Sticks with own judgement in the face of opposition or early lack of success
* Expresses confidence in own ability to complete a difficult task or meet a challenge